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America s First Amendment Right Of Freedom Of Religion

Make America Great Again When the Pilgrims settled into Massachusetts in 1620, they dreamed of a better life, a life away from the persecution they experienced in England from King George. They never would have dreamed that their small colony of Plymouth would blossom to be one of the largest countries in the world. And yet, nearly four hundred years later, it has become apparent to many, that America is in a downward spiral. It has come to a time where, the fate of our country could fall into the hands of one of the many people who believe it is right to persecute those of a specific religion because the actions of a small group of religious extremists. The unalienable First Amendment right of freedom of religion would be denied to more than 2.6 million people, based on uneducated assumptions. In addition to this, America has come to the point where more than forty-five million people live in poverty. Likewise, statistics show approximately 48.1 million people are in the uncomfortable position where they ar e insecure about their next, if not current, meal. In addition to this, our famous government, our renowned democracy, has become belittled by assumptions of political corruption. Furthermore, the morals in America have started to disappear, not only in our government, but also in our society. More kids are getting bullied and more people agree that we should rely less on faith, the very reason we built and expanded our country in the first place. Our once thriving nationShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Right : Freedom Of Religion And Freedom1460 Words   |  6 Pages Civil liberties are individual freedoms which are protected from the government by the Bill of Rights. There were historical backgrounds to guarantee the freedom. Although they are ruled in the Constitution, it is not easy to protect the diversity and individual freedom in the society, and not all conflicts have been settled today. Yet, people are in a process to improve democratic society which is not a finished product, and freedom in all its forms improves itself over time. I am going to explainRead MoreAn American Ideal Of Equality Is Not An America At All.1501 Words   |  7 Pages An America without equality is not an America at all. The common American citizen would say that the definition of equality is; Equal rights among all people. Equality is also defined as the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. A historical example that demonstrates the American ideal of equality is the court case Plessy Vs. Ferguson (1896). Plessy was arrested for riding in a white-only seat for being an African-American citizen riding inRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The American Nation1341 Words   |  6 PagesVirginia s document ultimately influenced the Bill of Rights being created for the federation as a whole, rather than state by state. In December 1791, James Madison introduced the Bill of Rights. The Founding Father s took to the M agna Carta as a historical precedent, after the Parliament adopted their own Bill of Rights in 1689. Some of these rights written by the Parliament can be seen in America s Bill of Rights, such as: due process of law, unlawful imprisonment, and the ban on excessiveRead MoreCivil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom civil rights) If the fires of freedom and civil liberties burn low in other lands, they must be made brighter in our own. If in other lands the press and books and literature of all kinds are censored, we must redouble our efforts here to keep them free. If in other lands the eternal truths of the past are threatened by intolerance, we must provide a safe place for their perpetuation. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1938 (Isaacs 66) Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to be freeRead MoreBill Of Rights, The Center Of The American Constitution984 Words   |  4 Pages Bill of Rights Bill of rights, the center of the American constitution. The reason that why Bill of rights can be established is the anti federalist thought the constitution only stipulated that power from government, and the citizen can not get any power from it. In 1788, at the beginning of the United States, all the citizens want the freedom and democracy, then The â€Å"Bill of Rights† is here. The birth of the Bill of Rights, is the most basic principles of personal freedom and limited theRead MoreThe Westboro Baptist Church, A Radical Christian Group1533 Words   |  7 Pagesread â€Å"God hates America† along with other various and more vulgar signs. Even though they are a widely disliked group, they have been protected by the first amendment. Which has led to many debates and even a case in the supreme court on whether or not their protest against America and her people should be protected by this amendment, Hopefully that question will be answered in this essay. The Westboro Baptist Church, evil as they are, should be protected b y the first amendment. First lets review theRead MorePublic Policy : Freedom Of Speech1235 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Public Policy: Freedom of Speech Around the world governments are placing laws to criminalize different religions, minorities, and offensive expression . The United States up hold the beliefs of â€Å"land of the free† publicizing that the constitution gives Americans rights some countries may not offer . The United States of America stands on the beliefs of the Constitution which includes the first ten amendments . The first being Amendment One which addresses freedom of religion, press, and assembleRead MoreThe Debate Over School Prayer1096 Words   |  5 PagesStates. This freedom has slowly but surely been taken away from students across the country. By bringing to light the laws pertaining to prayer in schools, understanding the current situation in schools, and rewriting school policy regarding prayer, this travesty can be avoided before it grows further. The dispute over school prayer has stemmed from the government s views on the relationship between itself and the church. Even though the national government aimed to tolerate all religions shortly afterRead More Keep Church and State Separated Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesand State Separated missing works cited America is constantly evolving and redefining itself. Those who oppose a separation between church and state claim that because this country was founded on religious principles, our government should continue to base its laws on a Judeo-Christian God. An article entitled, â€Å"Standing up for Church-State Separation in Difficult Times,† states that, â€Å"Religious Right groups are crowing and insisting that they have some sort of mandatedRead MoreVictory of the North1306 Words   |  6 Pagesin the American Civil War are emancipation, a new financial system, and political freedom. The Civil War of America has been discussed as the first modern war of the new industrial age. Army’s of such a large size had yet to meet head on, face to face in the battle field with weapons of such mass destruction and deadly force. America had not yet seen casualties of this magnitude to date. The Civil War of America started out as army against army, Northern states against Southern states. Which

Unit 3 Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint Free Essays

————————————————- Top of Form * ————————————————- * ————————————————- View * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ———————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Preferences Prev| | | Table Of Contents | | | Next| Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint for ICT4D Applications in Core Sectors of Development  » Assignment 9: ICT4D Applications in your Sector of Development | Bookmark it! | My Bookmarks | Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint for ICT4D Applications in Core Sectors of Development | Assignment 9: ICT4D Applications in your Sector of Development| | The purpose of this assignmentStudents who successfully complete this assignment will be able to present critical arguments around ICTs for development projects and demonstrate their capabilities related to engaging with textual and numerical data to present information in a presentation format. Locate any project where ICTs were applied in contexts such as those described in this chapter, in your local community, own city, province or country, or elsewhere in the world and/or that you have been involved with. Ensure that you identify the following aspects in your case study: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint or any similar topic only for you Order Now Title of the project 2. Website address(es) that provide information about the project 3. Introduction Background, including details on the project * Rationale (what was the reason for the project/why was it needed? ) * Start date, duration (this far) and status (ongoing, completed, etc. ) 4. A description of the project, including details on * The ICT4D solutions that was used in the project * The strengths and weaknesses of the project 5. You could also add things like * Major partners * Major stakeholders * Who initiated the process? * Who were the target beneficiaries? * Who were the service providers? * How did the initiative work? * Was there a local champion (some-one from the local community who represented the interests of that community)? Create a PowerPoint presentation of no more than 8 slides that provide the information as detailed above. Submit your presentation via the Dropbox facility. Assessment rubric for Assignment 9| 0| Nothing submitted| 0%| 1 2 3 4| One or more, but NOT all, of the required aspects have been addressed| 10% 20% 30% 40%| 5| All required aspects have been addressed| 50%| 6 7 8| Additional aspects added and/or A project from the student’s local community, own city, province or country and/or that the student was involved with is presented| 65% 75% 85%| 9| Exceptional, ground breaking work| 100%| | | Prev| | | Table Of Contents | | | Next| | Licensed under Creative Commons 2011 U Reddi | Bottom of Form How to cite Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint, Essay examples

Japanese Imperialism free essay sample

In the early 20th century, the imperialistic ambitions of Japan made several, significant impacts on various countries. After the success of Japan’s modernization, they wanted to declare to the world how powerful their nation had become. The Japanese began their quest for their empire by occupying Korean. As harsh ruler, they forced many Koreans to do things that would only benefit themselves as a growing country. Additionally, Japan took their imperialism and aimed for China; they invaded in an attempt to gain full control of China. As Japan began to imperialize foreign nations to build their dominant empire, they made many historical impacts on these nations. Japan had made a great impact of imperialism on many countries including Korea. As a small, isolated country, Japan lacked many essential resources. To obtain these resources, Japan wanted to not only trade, but eventually conquer East Asia. Eventually, Japan decided to take over Korea. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1910, Japan officially annexed Korea, bringing them under Japanese rule. The imperialistic aims of Japan brought cruelty to Korea. The Japanese shut down Korean newspapers and took control of Korean schools. Furthermore, Korean farmers were deprived of their own land, and they were forced to hand it over to Japanese settlers. Also, Koreans were forced to replace Korean last names with Japanese last names. According to Richard E. Kim, his Japanese teacher told him to go home and return with his new Japanese last name. So, Richard and his father went to the police station to replace their last name to ‘Iwamoto. ’ It was thought to be a disgrace and humiliation to the ancestors of not only Richard, but all of those Koreans who lost their family name. (Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood. Another example of poor treatment of the Koreans would be the comfort women. During Japanese occupation, many women were forced to be sex-slaves for the Japanese military soldiers. Moreover, the Koreans were also used as forced laborers to build roads and railways for the Japanese military; Koreans were deported to Japan and worked at the level of tenant farmers of both manufacturing and agricultural industries. (Korea: It’s History and Culture, Korea Overseas Information Service  ©1996) Overall, there were some great impacts of Japanese imperialism on Korea. On the race to modernization, Japan looked to gain power in neighboring countries such as China. In 1867, the Japanese shogun abdicated his dictatorship and henceforth, Japan had entered the Meiji era. The new Meiji emperor embarked on a quest to adapt Western Ways and modernize Japan. In 1868, the repercussions of the Meiji Restoration caused an expeditious military, political, and economic growth in Japanese society. (Richard Hooker  ©1996) The Japanese also looked to China as they borrowed and adapted Western ways. China had already granted imperialistic nations, including Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan, spheres of influence within China. This meant that many of these powerful countries would have a strong foothold in China, and they could control trade and investments in specific parts of China. (Spheres of Influence) In 1937, while China was having their own Civil War, Japan decided to completely imperialize and invade China. Bombs were dropped on many cities that killed thousands of innocent Chinese villagers. Correspondingly, the bombs had caused so much destruction of farms that many people died in starvation as well. According to Ami Chen mills, on that morning of December 13th, 1937, the Japanese soldiers had taken a hold of Nanking, the capital city of China. All the captives who had an unsuccessful attempt to escape before the invasion were ordered to be killed by the Japanese. This catastrophe in China was referred to as the â€Å"Rape of Nanking. † As a result, between 200,000 and 300,000 or more Chinese residents were killed due to the Japanese soldiers and their attempt to invade China. Clearly, Japanese imperialism had massive impacts on their neighboring foreign countries. For instance, after Japan had gained control of Korea, they made many adjustments to the Korean culture. This impacted the lives of many Koreans who lived in that time period. In addition to Korea, Japanese imperialism had also made its way to China. The lives of the Chinese were impacted through cruel invasion and loss of their own land. Overall, imperialism has shaped the lives of many people through the ambitions to conquer the world.

Mercutios Death in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

He is a very bright jolly character who always brings comedy into the play he makes the play more colorful. The play becomes jolly to tragatedy. When Mercutio diies the comedy stops right then and there! He would always makes simple jokes even when he was on the verge of dieing he would bring the light into the play with happiness â€Å"ay a scratch scratch† making people think that he had an itch. His death was so impactful to me as a reader because after he died the play wasnt a s humerous as it was when he was alive he would take the worst situation and bring it into humor. Score | | | (15 Points) What role do Friar Laurence and the Nurse have in the events of the play? Do you feel that they are responsible for ultimately helping or hurting Romeo and Juliet? Please use and cite at least one(1) quote from the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Mercutios Death in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Answer should be at least one(1) paragraph. There role was to cause all the issues and problems in Romeo and Juliet. The nurse would always have views of who Juliet should be with in Paris but every time she imagines it with some one else instead of Romero. I feel that they are responsible because Friar Laurence would secretly marry the two of them behin every ones back as he poromises as the nurse was sercert about the affairs and keeps the secret and does not tell Capulat or the Montuages. Laurence goes behind Capulat and Montauges back and started the momentum of the traigety of there love. â€Å" To turn youre house into pure love† |Score | | | (15 Points) Romeo and Juliet are said to be â€Å"star-crossed lovers. † Do you believe it was fate or a series of misunderstandings that led to their deaths? Could they have done anything differently in your opinion to have a better outcome? Please use and cite at least one(1) quote from the play. Answer should be at least one(1) paragraph. I believe it was fate because first of all there famililes wouldnt of allowed them to be together. There love was fate because hormones are something that humans can not control. But I also believe it was due to misunderstaningd because they both could of held back there feeling for oe another and thigs could of went on from there. People always have choices and they chose to be in love to take the risk. Shall I speak ill of him that is my husband? Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name† Juliet saying that she will not speak bad of romeo and will not risk the love. |Score | | | (10 Points) What do we learn from the final exchange between Montague and Capulet as the play ends? Will there be peace between them or not? Please use and cite at least one(1) quote from the play. Answer shou ld be at least one(1) paragraph. We learn that the montagues and the capulates come to a desion of making peace that fihgting is definatly not worth the outcome of it all. Peace? Peace. I hate the word. As I hate hell, all Montagues and thee! sowing that they first hated eachother. There will be peace because they realize that so may people have already dieed that they dont want to risk it any more and as the memorial of the people they built statues of each and every one who died in there honor. They come to realize that fightting is not they wat and if they continue to they will be nobody left!! |Score | | | |Score | | Of 55 |

Justice in the Old World essays

Justice in the Old World essays Imagine living in ancient Babylon or Israel. Which would be better to live in, a monotheistic society with solid values, or a harsh, polytheistic society with many strict laws? while the cultural values of these two societies were not all that different, the way religion was viewed made the judicial process differ greatly in ancient Babylon and Hebrews. Babylonians were polytheistic showing the impact the two surrounding rivers in their lives. The Babylonians were a semi-secular society, worshiping their many gods to bring prosperity to themselves. When the rivers rose and flooded the flats, the Babylonians assumed the gods were angry; seeking retribution, they prayed, worshipped, and sacrificed to their many gods. Having many gods may not have been the answer to their problems, however, for with many gods comes many views of life, how it should be lived, and how justice should be carried out. When Hammurabi ¡s code was published and established, Babylon was finally made uniform in judicial code. With so many gods, most of whom had different views, many people may have taken it upon themselves to do things that may not have been socially acceptable. With many harsh rules in place, a law was established that would ensure 'just ¡ punishment under law. The Hebrew society, on the other hand, was a monotheistic one, which made it possible to make a uniform code of conduct as well as a uniform judicial system-all of which was described in the Torah. Because everyone believed in the same things, everyone could agree on the code of conduct, based on honor and respect towards one another and God, or Yahweh. With monotheism, everyone knew what to expect; everyone knew what was expected. The few cultural/social problems the Hebrews had were basic things: fidelity, honor towards elders, etc.; only a few things were odd, but reasonable, such as eating  ¡clean ¡ food, cloven of hoof, chewer of cud. Even these things aren ¡t all that o...

The role of immune therapy in breast cancer Essay

The role of immune therapy in breast cancer - Essay Example s of breast cancers that can affect women, with some forms being rare, and also some where two or three forms of cancers occur within the same form (Types of Breast Cancer 2014). The different forms of breast cancers include: Ductal carcinoma in situ, Lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma which are more common. The less common types include inflammatory breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, paget disease of the nipple, phyllodes tumor, and angiosarcoma (Types of Breast Cancer 2014). The above figure reflects on the statistics of cases of breast cancer in the UK, as recorded for the year 2011. It can be observed that the number of cases is significant and hence immunotherapy seems to be highly essential, particularly for women are the most affected ones. Although the concept of immunotherapy has developed as a revolution over the recent times; however its roots can be found dated back to 1778 when the first vaccine was administered against smallpox by Edward Jenner who was an English physician (Cancer and the Immune System: The Vital Connection n.d.). The immune system involves collection of cells that protect the body from microbes and bacteria and hence tries to protect the body from diseases. Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are the two divisions in which the defense of the body against microbes works (Mooi 2010; The innate and adaptive immune systems n.d.). The innate immune system is such where cells and proteins are ready to fight the microbes always and hence protect the body at the site where the infection takes place. The major constituents of this system include physical epithelial barriers, phagocytic leucocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cell which is a special type of lymphocyte, and circulating plasma proteins (Mooi 2010; The innate and adaptive immune systems n.d.). The adaptive system is different from the innate immune system in the sense that it is initiated to overcome or avoid the

Philosophy, Enlightenment and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philosophy, Enlightenment and Education - Essay Example This discussion declares that studying educational history is essential in the enhancement of contexts of institutions and ideas by underscoring the traditions that provided the foundations of early education. In speaking of the existence and development of formal education, Plato has a specific consideration given that his main ideas of education have over history formed the basis of educational influences that children are aesthetically imparted with. Plato helped in musing the educational ideas by focusing on the role of play to children and the aesthetic influence of early education. Basically, the view according to Plato with regard to education was that it was a rightly disciplined feeling of pain and pleasure in a child that enabled them to acquire core societal values. In this essay, the core concept shall be on the highlighting the reasons why Plato put much emphasis on the controlling of the children’s exposure to aesthetic influences in early education.  From the report it is clear that  Plato is a great and renowned Greek philosopher and mathematician of the medieval times whose philosophy is considered to have had a great impact on the level of education in practice by most educational systems right from the early childhood stages. In the traditional Greek settings, the idea of education for the young children was founded on the need to educate them to be able to know how to use swords, ride on horses, be equipped for warfare and use hunting tools accordingly.

Write a 2400-word short story. This should be accompanied by a Essay

Write a 2400-word short story. This should be accompanied by a 600-word critical commentary - Essay Example There must be something to it. For years he toiled and explored exploring the depts of the universe as well as here on earth for signs of an extra territestrial being. Those work and exploration did not yield anything for years. Until 15 years later. It was in circa 2115 where Professor X, head of Planet University Physics department was in his usual routine of sending radio signals into the outer space. Nobody took Professor X’s effort seriously dismissing that the Professor has been chasing a pipe dream of looking for something that does not exist. A wasted genius they say. But still, Professor X continued beaming his signals into the outer space. It was a sunny afternoon. Professor X has finished taking his lunch after completing his routine of sending signal beam into the space in his previously planned plots. Everything was usual, he supposed and went about after his lunch. Routine. Then suddenly, a blip. A blip in the radar. It seems to be a response. But Professor has to confirm first if indeed it was response to the signals he beamed. Diagnostics were run. The lethargy of the engineers were suddenly replaced by enthusiastic gusto. It was confirmed. It is a response. Professor X was ecstatic, he himself cannot believe that his radio transmission were returned. For the first time in the history of science, a contact was made with an intelligent creature light years away. Who would have thought that life beyond our planet and solar system exists? Since time immemorial, it has always been the fascination of mankind to see an intelligent being from aother planet. Yet, aside from rumors that extra territestrials had been caught or found, nothing was ever proven that almost all scientist abandoned the idea of finding one, except for Professor X, the eccentric scientist of Planet University. And here he is now, running back the recording of response. Enjoying every moment of it, relishing his

Development of Internet Television Service

Development of Internet Television Service EXTENDED INTERNET USAGE 1. Introduction The first question that arises in our mind when we are talking about the internet is â€Å"What is Internet?†. So Internet is basically Network of computers that is connecting millions and millions of computers globally. Over the past 4 decades Internet has undergone a huge transformation from being used in academic research and moved into a broader platform of commercial usage. With each and every passing day Internet is turning into an indispensable and essential part of our life. With each and every step taken towards improvement of the internet every sphere of our life is directly getting affected; it is not only making our tasks much easier but also saving us a lot of time 2. Uses Of Internet 1. Communication (Fig-1): It is one best things that internet has introduced worldwide. It is very easy nowadays to communicate with people who are living very far away from us with ease. Earlier it was a very difficult task to accomplish; now we can directly chat with people very easily. Video Conferencing is making it easier for people actually see each other while talking. Fig-1 (Communication) Fig-2 (Research) 2. Research (Fig-2):Few decades whenever we had to do some research we had through hundreds of books to find something which is of relevance. Since internet came into being we can say that â€Å"everything is just a click away†. We can easily search our topic using several search engines available to us using internet thus saving us a lot of time. 3. Education (Fig-3): There are books, reference books, study materials, Web-help centers are available online which makes education an easy and interesting experience. Websites are available that can help you gain knowledge about everything without taking the help of any other individual. There are tutorials and even test series available in the internet so that one can test this knowledge. Fig-3 (Education) Fig-4 (Financial Transaction) 4. Financial Transactions (Fig-4): With the use of internet Financial transactions a have become a much easier task as it was few years ago. Now instead of physically being present in the bank, we can directly log into the bank website and with the help of the provided authentication documents by the bank. Once we are inside our account we can do any transaction at our will. We can also do fixed deposits and Guaranteed investment Schemes directly through our online account 5. Real time updated (Fig-5): Any kind of news updated or any other happening or decision taken in once part of the world is available to us real time using the internet. There are websites available online through which we can actually get updates about almost every field be it business, finance, sports, entertainment, politics, Railways and airplane tracking. Fig-5(Real time Updates) Fig-6(Leisure) 6. Leisure (Fig-6): From watching videos to listening to your favorite music, watching movies, playing games, chatting with friends and family; all these leisure activities we do in our free time are with the use of internet only. Whenever we get time we prefer doing activities in the internet which would help us relax. Internet is something which can help us freshen up our mood in few minutes. 7. Online booking (Fig-7): Online booking of airplane tickets, movie tickets, railway tickets are not only hassle free but also easier task to accomplish. Instead to standing in a queue for hours we can now directly book tickets through the internet using desired website. Thus, making this process a less tedious and more reliable job. Fig-7 (Online Booking) Fig-8 (Job Search) 8. Job Search (Fig-8): There are countless number of websites available in the internet that gives us the information about vacancies in various companies. Even online application for the positions available. Job portal websites once anyone gets registered with them they will send you mails mentioning openings as per choice. 9. Blogging (Fig-9): People nowadays are interested in writing blogs. They have the option of publicize their work and it can reach people who as looking for a similar topic to discuss about. There are a lot of website available which can be used to write a blog, only registration with the website is required. Really good blog writers are sometimes contacted by big organization to write a blog about them. Moreover using Google AdSense money can also be earned on per click basis. Fig-9 (Blogging)  Fig-10 (Shopping) 10. Shopping (Fig-10): Online shopping has become one of the most attractive thing to do in the internet. People don’t have to leave their home just open some websites, Browse through the website and order their desirable product. One of the advantages of online shopping is that everything is available in each and every website. The product is directly delivered to your home. Product can also be returned back to the vendor if it not of good quality. 3. Extended Internet Usage Now as we have seen some basic uses of the internet. Let us discuss some more advanced uses. Even though there many additional uses of internet but we are going discuss about 4 main topics in this research paper. IPTV: Internet protocol Television(IPTV) is an assembly in which Television services are distributed over an IP network in a digitized form. So we can say that it uses the existing broadband network to deliver us a TV service which is more reliable, efficient and data is 100% digital, thus improving the overall quality over an analogue TV VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol(VOIP) is a system in which voice conversation can be conveyed over the IP network. The end user in a VOIP network has the authority to make telephone calls over the Broadband network. The Network used in such type of connections can be through the internet which makes it global or Intranet which makes it local the Inside Network of the company. Cloud Computing: Cloud Computing is a process in which data is stored in a Large centralized server or data storage unit. Thus providing an online access to the stored data as per requirement of the end user. The data stored in the cloud not only is shared my multiple users at the same time but also can be reallocated as per demand of the end user. Thus reducing the storage, power and space of data by using the same data for multiple users. MIRACAST: Miracast is basically a HDMI based dongle which is used for live streaming of Video and Audio channel without using an Access point. So a device which uses a point to point network technology which allows different devices to connect to each other using Wi-fi direct thus allowing them to share live streamed data. Now we will have an in-depth discussion of each and every topic separately discussing about their architecture, functioning, advantages etc. 4. IPTV 4.1 Introduction IPTV is basically an internet based television service which uses networking and architecture methods of the IP system over a Packet switching network structure. IPTV has 3 main groups in which it can be classified Live Television Time-Shift Program Video on Demand IPTV uses a set-top box which uses a broadband IP data network to access channels, subscription services and other multimedia services over and safe and end to end network. IPTV services are sometimes bundled with internet access and VOIP services altogether over the same infrastructure. IPTV is not as simple as someone watching a video over the internet. IPTV connection to home provided by telecom companies uses optical fiber and digital subscriber lines (DSL) to set up a link towards a housing compound. For Cable operators they use a hybrid fiber co-axial (HFC) cable to provide a broadband connection to the subscriber. IPTV incorporates the procurement, processing and safe delivery of all video content over an IP based Setup. The service provider uses various other service providers like satellite TV carriers, cable TV carriers, Telephone companies and private network operators to bundle up a single service which is provided to the end user. Figure. 11 shows the basic block diagram for a simplified IPTV system      Fig-11(Simplified IPTV network) 4.2 Features of IPTV There are some notable features of IPTV listed below Interactive TV: Rather than providing a half-duplex connection of the rudimentary cable TV connection, IPTV delivers us a two-way connection thus providing us an interactive TV packaged with services like High definition TV(HDTV),interactive games, learning programs, High speed internet browsing many more. Time Shift: IPTV when bundled with a digital video recorder (DVR) provides the end user the capability to record programs as per his choice. Thus providing him an option to time shifting of programming content. There are service providers who provide 7 days’ worth of data to be recorded in the DVR. Personalization: Due to a full-duplex bi-directional connection between the service provider and the end user, personalization option of the set-top box is available. The user can personalize what to watch, when to watch as per his comfort. Low Bandwidth Requirement: IPTV technology allows the service provider to stream only one channel which the end user has demanded rather than delivering each and every channel subscribed by the user Thus allowing the service provider to conserve bandwidth and reducing cost. Accessible to Multiple Devices: End user have the option of using their mobile, computers laptops to access the IPTV services instead of using television. 4.3 Architecture of IPTV The diagram (Fig-12) given below shows us the architecture of IPTV Fig- 12-IPTV System Architecture The functional blocks of IPTV architecture is given below Super Head End: The channels from the national broadcasters enter the IPTV network from here. The content here is processed, prepared and stored for transmission. Core Network: IP/MPLS Network technologies are used for transporting the traffic and to gain access to the network. Access Network: IPTV data streams are distributed to the DSLAMs Regional Head End: All the area specific local content is added to the network here. End User Premises: This is the termination point for the IPTV data stream. All Data is viewed at the customer end here. One super head available in the network can be used to serve millions of customers in the network by processing the video channels common to end users across the whole area. The IPTV delivery system is constructed in such a way that it can cover a large expanse of territory over the hierarchy of structure built to deliver the video content. Offices are located in each territory which are specially constructed to handle area specific local program and channels. 4.4 IPTV Networking Technologies The diagram (Fig-13) shows the structure of IPTV and Standardization bodies Fig-13 (IPTV Activities standardization bodies) DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance is used for setting up the home network. HGI: Home Gateway Initiative sets up the standard adjoining the gateway between end user home network and broadband connection ISMA: Internet Streaming Media Alliance sets up the broadcast of the AVC video over IP. DSL Forum: Digital Subscriber Line is used for remote-management of residential gateways and set-top boxes. ITU: International Telecommunication Union standardizes the Distribution and access network architecture. ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute standardizes the IP network used for transmission of the IPTV. ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service is standardizing the end to end IPTV architecture including contribution and distribution 4.5 Advantages of IPTV The signals which are used IPTV service s are 100% digital signals so better quality and easier to propagate. IPTV works on the existing internet connection, So if there is an available internet connection only the set-top box is needed to be installed and IPTV services can be used. IPTV services doesn’t require any kind of wires to get its signal. So a wireless system reduces the overhead of wires and wear tear of the wires with time. Programs can be stored in servers and can be viewed in accordance to the will of the end user thus providing flexibility. 5. VOIP 5.1 Introduction VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a process of communication in which the user can make telephone calls over the IP network. To transmit voice Signals/Conversation over the existing Data network (Wireless/Broadband) using Internet protocol VOIP is used. VOIP technology can be used over the internet as well as over the local intranet for communication within the company or special private network which are used specially for long distance calls.

Facts About China :: essays research papers

Facts About China 1.)21% of China's population live in urban areas and 79% live in rural areas. 2.)China's national anthem is the "The East is Red." 3.)The capital of China is Beiming or else Peking. 4.)The name of the currency in China is Yuan. 5.)The life expectancy in China for males is 65.5 and for females is 69.5. 6.)The literacy rate in China is 80% 7.)The main religions in China are Atheistic, Buddhism, and Daoism. 8.)In the 5fh century AD the Chinese had calculated the value of pi more than 10 decimal places. 9.)Gunpowder first blew up iun Alchemist's furnace around 800Ad and was quickly put to military use. 10.)China's official name is People's Replubic of China (PRC). 11.)China's total population is more than 1,000,000,000 which makes up more than 1/5 of the world's population. 12.)China cover's 3.7 million square miles. 13.)China's three largest cities are Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin. They are not part of any province. 14.)The Chinese language has more than 50,000 different words. 15.)The Chinese have problem's making typewriters. 16.)The Chinese read their books from top to bottom, and from right to left. 17.)Pottery is one of China's most famous kinds of arts. 18.)The Forbidden City is inside Imperial City. Imperial City is inside the Inner City. The Inner City is inside Peking. 19.)China is the third largest country in area after Russia and Canada. 20.)In 1949 communists took power of China. 21.)Ther are 3400 off shore islands. 22.)The earlist recorded history of China is 3500 years ago. 23.)The great paddlefish, giant panda, Chinese water deer and the salamander are in China, but extinct elsewhere. 24.)It is estimated that there are more than 35 cities in China with a population of more than one million. 25.)Mount Everest is 29,028 feet high and is the highest point on Earth. 26.)About 3/4 of all people are farmers. 27.)China has the world's oldest civilization. 28.)The Chinese invented gunpowder, paper, porcelain, and silk cloth. 29.)About 94% of China's population belong to the Han nationality. 30.)China has the biggest army, but not the strongest. 31.)The Great Wall of China was built to keep enemies out of China. It is about 4,000 miles long. 32.)The Peking Man lived in China about 500,000

Limit television watching and computer time Essay

Sedentary lifestyles promote obesity, so it is important to limit hours spent sitting idly in front of the television or computer. When a child is allowed to spend more time in front of the television or playing computer games they are more likely to stay there than engage in physical activities like playing and running. It is also of note that the child who spends time in front of the television or the computer is more likely to consume junk food while watching television and playing computer games, especially if the adult permits such. Set aside specific times to spend outdoors It is also of note that it might be wise to actually plan times to spend outdoors, one weekend or a day to spend outside in the park. Family activities to be spend outside of the house like the park or backyard playing backyard basketball or football or simple activities like playing tag or swimming can be utilized in order to promote outdoor activity. Do not allow television inside the children’s room Research indicates that about 77% of children have television sets in their rooms (Kaiser Family Foundation report, 1999). This promotes laziness in the child, lying in bed while watching television that may also include munching on junk foods and chocolate. Adapt an active lifestyle Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Or if the school is near, walking to school might also be a good idea. It might be of note that parents who are more active enables their children to be more active as well. Forget the no pain, no gain theory Children should be taught to enjoy physical activities not an activity to be afraid of. It is a lifelong theory but one must surmise that a child may not be susceptible to such and they might not be adaptable to any activity that might require them to feel pain so this theory should be junked and that physical activity should be considered as fun and enjoyable to the child rather than hard labor, so it is imperative that physical activity interventions should be aimed at being enjoyable and fun for a child lest risk the child not doing the activity at all. Plan for a variety of Activities This is so to avoid monotony and boredom, especially in children who are more often than not easily distracted and easily bored by repetitive activities. It is important that the child not become bored with the activity so it is imperative that a child has a variety of activities that will help avoid monotony and help increase interest. One may note that a child, even an adult can become easily bored when they are subjected to repetitive activities. Enhancing the intervention program to be varied and fun will help the child stay into the program rather than feel that it is a boring tasked to be endured and not to be enjoyed. One may realize that in order for any program to derive successful outcomes, it is recommended that family members participate in programs patterned for the obese child, it can be noted that parents and sibling that serve as role models for these children often feel loved and therefore can provide better success of the programs (CDC 1997). Riding bicycles, Outdoor walks or swimming activities can be fun activities that also make children feel good and may not be construed as a chore they need to do to lose weight; it can just be construed as a family activity when parents and siblings are involved, rather than a taxing responsibility they must endure in order to please the parent and become more healthy. The Centers for Disease Control recommends schools set up policies that encourage enjoyable, lifelong physical activity among young adults. (CDC, 1997). Their guidelines state, â€Å"Physical education should emphasize skills for lifetime physical activities (e. g. , dance, strength training, and jogging. Swimming, bicycling, cross-country skiing, walking, and hiking) rather than those for competitive sports. † (CDC, 1997) These experts also advocate that activities to enhance fitness and adaptation of a more healthy behavior become an important aspect of the family’s lifestyle. Developing an After school Wellness Program As the child’s school tends to be the second home of most children, with them spending half of their lifetimes in school and good deal of their days there, it can be considered as a good avenue to start a wellness program for children, not necessarily the obese ones, in order to help prevent and cure the worsening case of obesity in children. This increasing occurrence of obesity in children may be attributed in part to increased sedentary behavior, such as watching television, which leads to less energy expended in physical activity. It has been theorized that by middle school, many children lack the physical skills or self-confidence to participate in competitive physical activities and involvement in various activities in school It is believed that an increased physical activity relative to the customary physical activities at home. The aim of the afterschool program should be, information dissemination and education, activities that enhance physical movements like dance exercises and sports activities, and other outdoor activities like games that promote physical activities, gardening and adventure education plus development of good eating habits by healthy cook outs and development of new healthy recipes by the children themselves, this can and will encourage children’s eating habits.

The Failure of Gatsby’s American Dream

The Failure of Gatsby’s American Dream In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s famous novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is portrayed as being an admirable, wealthy, kind, and genuinely impressive man. However, that being said, he is also portrayed as pretentious, deceptive, criminal, and most importantly to the plot, completely insatiable. Even though the novel’s narrator, Nick Carraway, heavily sympathizes with Gatsby, he has many character flaws that ultimately assure the failure of his â€Å"dream†, and even lead to his untimely demise. The first bit from the novel that demonstrates Gatsby’s inability to be content, is the fact that he is not Jay Gatsby. It is learned about halfway through the novel that Jay Gatsby from California is actually a man names James Gatz, who comes from Chicago. The fact that Gatsby fabricated his past and lives his life under an alias shows that he is unable to be content even with his own origins. To go through the trouble of making up an entire past for himself rather than simply revealing the truth shows that either he was too ashamed to tell of his family for his financial background, or as is more likely, he found it to be boring. By very nature, Gatsby craves excitement and adventure. In order to make himself seem more exciting and adventurous, he became Jay Gatsby. After examining that, it’s best to look at Gatsby’s chosen vocation. Although Gatsby claims to have his money from being born of a wealthy family from the West, he is later revealed to have earned his money from the illegal business of manufacturing and selling bootlegged liquor. Seeing Gatsby use criminal means to achieve wealth and the â€Å"American Dream† demonstrates how desperately he wants to be taken seriously. Using his fake persona and fool-proof criminal processes to get wealth and social status means to him that most certainly, he could not be looked down upon or judged for being born of a lower class family and not having any of his own wealth to speak of. Working in the criminal underground also means, however, that he would make very few social connections, and have few true friends, bringing me to my next point. Gatsby desperately longs for personal relationships. This is apparent in everything from the way he desperately clings to his love of Daisy to his willingness to allow Ewing Kilspringer, whom Gatsby barely knows, to sponge off him and virtually live at his mansion. Since the adventure and excitement of his fake persona and his criminal lifestyle are not enough to satisfy Gatsby, he figures that the only way to obtain true happiness would be through interactions with people, who can be around him and always admire his accomplishments and somehow complete him. However, Gatsby is unable to make social connections because of his own social awkwardness, which as becomes more and more apparent, he compensates for with his wealth and possessions. The best example of this is Gatsby’s parties, in which the guests all have an excellent time, and know of Gatsby, but know almost nothing about him, even to the point where nobody seems to know where he even came from. Gatsby’s awkwardness and fear of real people causes him to close himself off even at his own parties, and hope that somehow the good time people have will make them admire him more (which, oddly, seems to work). The desire for intimate personal relationships becomes Gatsby’s own version of â€Å"The American Dream† which manifests itself most strongly in his â€Å"love† for Daisy Buchanan. Daisy and Gatsby were briefly lovers before Gatsby was sent off to the First World War. Having been the last person who Gatsby felt any true emotions toward, Daisy becomes the object of his desire, affections, and now, his energy and will to achieve. Gatsby’s dream however is crushed by the realization that Daisy is not the ideal person who he thinks she is. Since Gatsby is a lover of fantasy and exaggeration, he holds all people to an impossible standard of how he thinks people should be, even himself. The real Daisy is almost too shallow to really love, as is most evidenced by the way she is so emotionally moved by some silk shirts that Gatsby has, calling them the most beautiful things she has ever seen. Despite the fact that Daisy is not who Gatsby wants her to be, he clings to her, either realizing his impossible standard, or so far into his delusion that he is unable to see her as anything but ideal despite her major character flaws. Beginning an affair, the two plot to stand up to Daisy’s abusive husband Tom, and run away together. When the plan finally has the chance to come to fruition, however, Daisy is unable to tell Tom that she does not love him. The reason for this is not because Gatsby is undeserving, but because he is so insatiable, and unstoppably ambitious to the point that he doesn’t know what he truly wants, that he is unable to actually achieve anything that might make a true difference in his life. Tom on the other hand, while rude and pushy and genuinely unkind, knows exactly hat he wants and has no problems in simply taking it. After a car crash kills Tom’s lover, Myrtle, Gatsby attempts one more act of gallantry in order to prove his worth and determination. He takes the blame for Myrtle’s death in an attempt to save Daisy, who was really to blame. As Gatsby stops to finally take in all that he has accomplished, and finally appreciate what he has (symbolized by him f inally using his pool) he is murdered by George Wilson, Myrtle’s husband who then takes his own life. Oddly enough, after Wilson’s murder/suicide, the reader is then struck by the striking similarities between Wilson and Gatsby. They both tired of being taken advantage of, they both loved a woman who was not real, and they both longed for true companionship. The only difference is that one of them was able to achieve greatly on a more worldly level, which despite his large personal shortcomings, made him into that person of his own creation that he had so desperately wanted to be: The Great Gatsby.

How to Substitute for Baking Powder and Baking Soda

How to Substitute for Baking Powder and Baking Soda Baking powder and baking soda both are leavening agents, which means they help baked goods to rise. They arent the same chemical, but you can substitute one for another in recipes. Heres how to work the substitutions and what to expect: Substitute for Baking Soda:Using Baking Powder Instead of Baking Soda You need to use two to three times more baking powder than baking soda. The extra ingredients in baking powder will affect the taste of whatever you are making, but this isnt necessarily bad. Ideally, triple the amount of baking powder to equal the amount of baking soda. So, if the recipe calls for 1 tsp. of baking soda, you would use 3 tsp. of baking powder.Another option is to compromise  and use twice the amount of baking powder as baking soda (add 2 tsp. of baking powder if the recipe calls for 1 tsp. of baking soda). If you choose this option, you might wish to omit or reduce the amount of salt in the recipe. Salt adds flavor but it also affects rising in some recipes. Substitute for Baking Powder: How to Make It Yourself You need baking soda and cream of tartar to make homemade baking powder. Mix 2 parts cream of tartar with 1 part baking soda. For example, mix 2 tsp of cream of tartar with 1 tsp of baking soda.Use the amount of homemade baking powder called for by the recipe. No matter how much homemade baking powder you made, if the recipe calls for 1 1/2 tsp., add exactly 1 1/2 tsp. of your mixture. If you have leftover homemade baking powder, you can store it in a labeled, zipper-type plastic bag to use later. Cream of tartar is used to increase the acidity of a mixture. So you cant always use baking soda in recipes that call for baking powder. Both are leavening agents, but baking soda needs an acidic ingredient to trigger the leavening, while baking powder already contains an acidic ingredient: cream of tartar. You can switch baking powder for baking soda, but expect the flavor to change a little. You might wish to make and use homemade baking powder even if you can purchase commercial baking powder. This gives you complete control over the ingredients. Commercial baking powder contains baking soda and, usually, 5 to 12 percent monocalcium phosphate along with 21 to 26 percent sodium aluminum sulfate. People wishing to limit aluminum exposure might do better with the homemade version. Do Baking Soda and Baking Powder Go Bad? Baking powder and baking soda dont exactly go bad, but they do undergo chemical reactions sitting on the shelf for months or years that cause them to lose their effectiveness as leavening agents. The higher the humidity, the faster the ingredients lose their potency. Fortunately, if youre concerned theyve been in the pantry for too long, its easy to test baking powder and baking soda for freshness: Mix a teaspoon of baking powder with 1/3 cup hot water; lots of bubbles means its fresh. For baking soda, dribble a few drops of vinegar or lemon juice onto 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda. Again, vigorous bubbling means its still good. Baking powder and baking soda arent the only ingredients you might need to substitute in a recipe. There are also simple substitutions for ingredients such as  cream of tartar, buttermilk,  milk, and different types of flour.

How Does Gender Affect Overall Job Satisfaction Essay

How Does Gender Affect Overall Job Satisfaction - Essay Example Is there a difference in the overall job satisfaction (OJS) among men and women who are members of the American Intellectual Union? This is the main question that this paper hopes to answer. The sample for this study is composed mostly by males (74%). Standard deviation cannot be computed for gender since this data is nominal. Respondents were asked to rate their overall job satisfaction through the scale of 1 (least satisfied) to 7 (most satisfied). Table 1 below shows the OJS score provided by males and females. Average OJS for the entire sample was computed at 5.172 which is relatively high in the scale. Overall standard deviation is at 0.979582 which means that the variation in the scores for overall job satisfaction is small. However, it is important to note that females registered a higher average overall job satisfaction at 5.27 compared to males (5.14). Standard deviation of OJS scores among males is at 0.97 while variation in the OJS scores in females was computed at 1.20. While both standard deviation scores are low, females registered higher variation possibly due to less sample size. The results of this study is not conclusive because data was limited. Moreover, to determine the connection between gender and overall job satisfaction scores, it is important to run other statistical procedures such as the chi square test or other test for correlation. By using charts, it was easy to see that most female respondents provided higher OJS scores, but that there were too few of them.

Philosophy of Bacon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of Bacon - Essay Example In ancient days few people used to be educated. Philosophers and religious heads used to rule the roost of the society. The society used to honor the religious heads. Philosophers became lack of education and lack of understanding the world. Of course it is true that there very same person frightened of religions and the philosophers were restarting as the progress of society. In the ancient times then and to be great philosophers like Epicures, Zeno, Cleanthes, Arcecitators, Cameades, Pyrrho, Tenion etc. Their philosophy was being questioned by the society, the European society. A new generation of though is surfacing, questioning the very existence of the ancient European Philosophers. New thinkers started throwing open their material, pragmatic formats of a new philosophy to the world. A renaissance is gaming and its theories of modern philosophy. It is an intellectual comes and with some modern philosophy, the authorship used to be denied the work has to be renamed an ancient phi losopher and then only it used to be accepted. Such was the ancient Philosophers sway on the society. As a matter of fact the work done by any intellectual is not his own. It is rediscovered and it had actually because written by an ancient philosophers and it is only rediscovered by this intellect.But everything changed in the beginning of the 17th century in the renaissance a reaction started selling is against the old philosophers. People started liking to criticize it reject it, and attempting something new. To establish a fact that modern philosophers was to reborn in early in modern Europe, after its united 300 years in carnation in ancient Greece. In the ancient world there were energy bottlenecks. They were not able to probe or enhance their sources of energy. They had to cut the plants and burn for energy. To a little one only or a limited use only. Usage if animals and their own lab our, and the energy of slaves was too little for them to allow then create devices that might allow them to create more energy. Therefore in ancient days people were not able to have a control over the materials they were having. Rather to say that they did not know the scientific approach to marks best of material that are available. Then came the new modern period wherein falls etc. started producing used energy and more control over the circumstances. The society was changing for better and started living in comfort. The invention powering the galleries avoiding the rowing of slaves, the invention of magnetic compares hardening enough weird energy to soul even though out fitted with cannons gun powder to fire the canon to use in mining purposed, the invention of a mechanical clock the printing press and so an and so forth. Francis Bacon was an early thinker Francis Bacon explained more vividly about and they can think plan and devise means and ways to interfere with the nature. He was very optimistic of a more enlightened and more powerful humane. Being and they can achieve miracles in interfering with the nature. They can make best use of the nature. Bacon believes in humane power and its aim is to generate and super induce a new nature on a given body. The work and aim of human knowledge is to sources of emanations. True knowledge is knowledge by causes, caused are four kinds (1) The material (2) The formal (3) The efficient (4) The final Of these four materials and efficient are of little consequences, if every thing is true and active science. If a man acquires knowledge only on certain subjects, his knowledge is also imperfect. If a efficient and material caused he may discover certain things reference to substances in some degree similar to another selected before hand, both may not become so efficient to touch the deeper bound rise of the things.

Please describe the information to make a note for the work Speech or Presentation

Please describe the information to make a note for the work - Speech or Presentation Example The red cells are well known for transporting oxygen to other parts of the human body. As the curved piece blocks the moving red pieces it represents the red blood cells being affected by the sickle as they move and changes their shape to oval. What happens is that the sickle celled cells get stuck on the way just like the stopped red piece when they are moving in the blood vessels. As a result oxygen is stopped from being distributed into the body causing pain in the sick body. This effect can affect other body parts like the body organs, the bones and the muscles. This model art represents the affected cells and their movement. The two pendulums represent the pumping of blood in the human body. As the pendulum swings, it introduces a new force and makes the pieces to move. As one square piece moves, it exerts force to the other piece making them to move slightly. The small square pieces represent the affected cells which do not move to circulate oxygen to the entire body of a human person. This creates redundancy in the blood cells movement hence oxygen is not circulated fully. People with sickle cell disease face a lot of pain and problems and hence their life span is reduced. This is one of the best visual arts represented which clearly shows how the affected red cells find it difficult to move in the blood vessels. The tray in which the square pieces move represents the blood vessel. Ever taught the cause of Sickle Cell? Well, it is a disease that is normally inherited mostly from a parent to a child. The child is so unlucky that he or she gets a gene from each of the parents (Father and Mother). When a child carries only one gene of the Sickle cell, he or she becomes a carrier. From this simple explanation, you now know how sickle cell

A Birthday Remembered Essay Example for Free

A Birthday Remembered Essay Love is very complicated, not just butterflies in one’s stomach, but it also involves a lot of pain. The pain is not easy to drain. We have to confront ourselves with the pain and get over it, but that’s easier said than done. We restrain our feelings and try to forget them. This only causes an even bigger pain. That is the situation for Ellen, the main character in this short story. Ellen’s love life has been complicated, she is a lesbian and obliged to listen to people’s prejudices. Her one and only love, Jackie, dies caused by an incurable illness and she is not allowed to bury her â€Å"She has not been allowed to do this one last thing for Jackie. To be with her during the last rituals.† (l.24-25). Because of Jackie’s former husband, Roger, whom she has left to live with Ellen, but he could not accept his wife being a lesbian, because of his man-stubbornness and he even tried to declare her temporarily insane (l.15). Jackie’s daughter on the other hand thinks that what Ellen and Jackie had was wonderful and beautiful, but you don’t know yet if she’s a lesbian herself or a heterosexual (l.102). The short story is written in third-person (l. 8) â€Å"why shouldn’t she?† The narrator is not omniscient, but we have inner-angel from Aunt El since we only â€Å"hear† thoughts from her, and not from Tobie or Warrick. (line. 104) â€Å"She felt the shock of the words†. You can’t really tell if the narrator is reliable or not, since we don’t know which connection he has to any of those in the story. Neither does he try to make anyone to seem like the â€Å"bad guy†, but the narrator is making us feel sorry for Aunt El, for her big lost Jackie. (L. 24 89) â€Å"She hadn’t been allowed to do this one last thing for Jackie† â€Å"but we have to get used to living without loved ones†. The language used in this short story is very well written and is very descriptive, because of all the adjectives being used, which makes the story way more â€Å"living†. (l. 12) â€Å"Roger had been furious, appalled and angr y..† although the story is very well written it’s also a bit harsh to understand, because of some of all these adjectives and expressions. At line 37 there might be a flashback â€Å"here’s to you, Ellen Simms, on your birthday†. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay The reason that this maybe could be a flashback is firstly because of the changing of the type, at only that sentence, which might give an account of her past together with Jackie before her death. One thing that was striking me was that the story is written in the preterit, but at the same time the narrator uses direct speech, which I think is a bit odd, since you normally writes the whole story in either present or the past, and very seldom a combination of the 2 indication of times. We have two main characters in this story, who’s Aunt El and Tobie: Aunt El / Ellen Simms is an old women who lives by herself. She used to be heterosexual and lived together with a man named Roger. They had a kid together named Tobie which is 15 years old. Ellen chooses to leave Roger because she’s changing her sexuality, and becomes a lesbian and falls in love with Jackie. But unfortunately Jackie died one year from now on, which leaves her alone with Tobie, and chooses to return back t o the father Roger. Ellen is a very obliging and kind person. She really misses her old flame Jackie, and cares a lot about Tobie whether her sexuality is heterosexual or lesbian (l. 83) â€Å"suppose it had been a girl? People choose who they want.† She seems considerate, when she offers Tobie and Warrick a hot cocoa, and remembers that young’s always are hungry and decides to make them some sandwiches. Tobie is daughter of Ellem Simms and the late Jackie. She’s 15 years old, but doesn’t have an abundance of friends (l. 20) â€Å"Tobie never had an abundance of friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She has short blond hair, had lineament from her father and a nice smile (l. 53-55). She cares about Ellen, since she’s the only one who shows up at her birthday and brings a present, which she has been saving money, for about a week. The way she earns these money is through her job in the library (l. 68) â€Å"I’m a library page after school..† helpful is also a good word, that would describe, which you can see in the story, when she offers her help to go and make cocoa together with Ellen. It seems she trusts Ellen more than her own father, since she decides to show Warrick for Ellen instead of her father. The message in this short story, is that pain will always be there, but only temporary, but at the same time hard to get over. That love is a big (maybe the biggest) part of our life and we should not regret, but remember the good times you’ve had with those you’ve loved. Don’t take anything in vain, live your life. And it doesn’t care if you are a heterosexual, lesbian or gay, just as long as you are happy. The title of this story is â€Å"a birthday remembered† which I guess is chosen because of all the emotional feelings that’s stepping in strength through this story and especially the quote from the daughters side â€Å"I hope it will be as wonderful and beautiful as what you and mom had together†.

Nutritional Company Herbalife Changing People Lives Marketing Essay

Nutritional Company Herbalife Changing People Lives Marketing Essay A Brief Introduction of Herbalife As founded by Mark Reynolds Hughes, 1980, Herbalife is a nutritional company which aids in the lifestyle and weight management of many people. Their main objective has always been focused on changing peoples lives by meeting the needs of every individual to provide them with a healthy lifestyle. Having been in the industry for 30 years, Herbalife has changed the lives of many people, of any age by providing nutritional and energy supplements and also personal care products, using all natural herbs and resources. Starting from the headquarters of Beverly Hills, California, Herbalife is busily expanding its operation internationally in 73 countries to continuously provide its service to people everyone in the world. With the help of Science on the 5 main focused areas which are research and development, quality assurance, manufacturing, clinical studies and lastly, establishing a Nutrition Advisory Board (NAB). Aside from the research, Herbalife has not only served the society but our planet Earth well, by their own Corporate Social Responsibility program which upholds a value of, We do the right, honest and ethical thing. With this value in their heart, Herbalife has also helped in saving Mother Earth in every way that they could. Promoting the 3Rs, they believe in taking personal responsibility and making their decisions by always thinking about the consequences in everything that they do. Not only caring for our planet, Herbalife has also been concerned for the needy of many children. Mark Hughes created a Herbalife Family Foundation  (HFF) that is dedicated to improve the lives of many children by providing them with the proper healthy nutrition. HFF has also shown continuous support in disaster reliefs over the years. Lastly, Herbalife has never failed to support their employees with a healthy and active lifestyle. By showering them with complimentary products and lowering their health insurance costs, Herbalife has always been keeping their employees at a pink of health. Looking Into The Past Providing and changing the lives of many for 30 years, Herbalife started off with a tragic story Mark Reynolds Hughes, the founder of Herbalife. At just eighteen years of age, Marks mother, Jo Ann Hughes died of an accidental overdose of prescription diet pills. Jo Ann Hughes was a part time model and actress in Los Angeles, who was obsessed in managing her weight and she spent many years in search for a convenient and effective weight loss method. However, in 1970s there were only a few methods and diet pills were the only alternative she could use. The diet pills had a lot of harmful effects on her such as making it difficult for her to sleep, so Jo Ann took plenty of sleeping pills at that time and unfortunately, she died of an overdose. The death of his mother had a great impact on Mark R. Hughes and since then, he dedicated his life to help people lose weight and to improve their health in the safest, most effective and healthiest methods possible. Despite being a school dropout, having no medical and finical background, and no finances to start his business, Mark began to take huge interest in health nutrition especially in Chinese medical herbs. He studied and travelled around China to discover more about the benefits of such herbs on the human body. With much efforts put into studying, testing and refining, Mark brought his first product of Formula 1 into many lives. This meal replacement product helps people lose weight by replacing 2 meals a day while still providing their body with all the nutrition that the cells requires. In February 1980, the 23 year old Mark finally launched Herbalife International in Los Angeles. His first customer of his product was his grandmother Mimi, who had lost about 9kg. Word of the mouth, people began taking more interest in his products and seeing the aftermath, his gain more and more customers and has raised the popularity of Herbalife. Improving, Expanding and Reaching Out In the Years The first launched of his product was a huge success as the sales for just the first month was US$23, 000. Continuous perseverance was paid and shown at the end of the year with a roaring sum of US$2million. With the tremendous success kept in mind, Mark became even more ambitious and had expanded Herbalife to even more countries. He had also established various programmes and created more products along the way. Decades of Herbalife Establishment, Contribution and Success A. In the First Decade (1980 1989) Herbalife managed to expand their business in about 8 countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and even in the United Kingdom. Many new products were also launched in the first decade for example the Formula 1 and 2 and some new hair and skin care products. B. In the Second Decade (1990 1999) With the success of the first decade, Herbalife continue to venture on reaching out to many countries as possible and to its success, Herbalife managed to open in about 40 countries. Hong Kong and Japan were the first Asian countries that had Herbalife. Again, new products were released and introduced, and it manages to launch their new line of colour cosmetics. In 1994, Mark Hughes created Herbalifes global charity organization, called the Herbalife Family Foundation (FFF). C. In the Third Decade (1990 1999) Establishing in another 24 countries, Herbalife never stops growing despite the death of their founder in year 2000. Herbalife opened in the Singapore in 2003. The HFF donates generously to the Katrina and tsunami disaster relief programs in 2005. The HFF has also reached out to many countries to help save many lives. Herbalife has also actively sponsors and contributes in the athletic world. Other products were also launched and Herbalife is proud to introduce their Formula 1 product for kids. Today, Herbalife has reached out to a total of 73 countries and has changed over a million lives. How does Herbalife change the lives of many Changing lives is difficult because mending the diets and keeping a balanced nutrition is a long and tedious process which requires time, patience, perseverance and a correct mind set. To accomplish all of the above, Herbalife always encourages a proper, balanced diet with a few nutritional guidelines and the adequate amount of exercise to live a better lifestyle. Herbalife has come up with some healthy guidelines for maintaining a good and proper nutrition: Staring the day with a healthy breakfast is important because it helps to provide you with energy that you require throughout the day. Recommendations: Formula 1 and Personalized Protein Powder would be the all-in-one healthy breakfast choice that includes all the nutrients required. Do not overeat during the day and unhealthy snacking is not advisable because it is not a good way to lose weight and provide your body with the nutrition. However, snacking in healthy methods such as fruits and vegetables would be good. Your body must be always hydrated by taking sufficient amount of fluids that it requires. Besides water, each individual should be aware of how much nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins are needed for themselves. Balancing these nutrients will ensure a healthy diet. Besides having a good and balanced nutrition, our body needs to stay fit and active. Herbalife encourages many to exercise regularly because exercising can help to increase metabolism rate, lower the risk of illnesses and diseases, builds up muscles and tone up the body. How does Herbalife business work? Not just having to be a customer, Herbalife has opened a distributor opportunity to everyone. As a Herbalife distributor, you get to change many lives and yet earn an income too. Millions of satisfied customers have joined Herbalife as a distributor and this has increased the popularity of Herbalife over the years. The role of a distributor is to promote and gain as many customers as possible with the correct mindset of promoting healthy lifestyle for everyone. A distributor must also provide a good experience for all customers by delivering the products in person, be courteous to potential customers and provide a great follow-up service by calling and ensuring that the customers are getting positive results with the products, and also to introduce them to new products. To ensure that the customer is satisfied, a distributor must also start by building a strong relationship. Showing a great and genuine interest in meeting the needs of the customers will make them trust them more. The USE, WEAR, TALK Principle The USE, WEAR, TALK is a principle which consists of three simple concepts which all distributors must know and follow. This principle helps many distributor s succeed in their Herbalife business. USE As a distributor, he or she must use the product every day and show positive results because then, their customers will trust them more. Seeing is believing, therefore the distributor have to take Before and After photos of themselves to show their customers that they did it. This will gain trust from their customers and they will want to follow their footsteps. WEAR Wearing refers to the Herbalife buttons and apparel which aids in the promoting and advertising of Herbalife. Buttons such as Lose Weigh Now, Ask Me How! will gain the attention of many and people will want to ask you about what the button meant. This will help distributors start off conversations much easier. TALK When the distributor finally got a customer, he or she needs to use resourceful and the right knowledge about the products, financial success stories and business opportunity to instruct their customer on how to use the Herbalife product efficiently. Lastly, by encouraging customers to be a part of Herbalife as a distributor would serve many benefits to both parties. The customer will gain discounts in all products and he or she is open to a business opportunity which in return, he or she can gain his or her own customers. He or she will also have an opportunity to travel with Herbalife around the world for trainings programmes and various Herbalife events. On the distributor side, if he or she has gain many customers and reached the specific targets, he or she gets even more discounts and profits. With that, he or she can be promoted to higher standards in the Herbalife business and gaining much more benefits. Swot Analysis of Herbalife Strength Weaknesses Opening to many more countries Increase Herbalifes entity with the increase of distributors Frequent road shows to promote Herbalife Lack of customers and their trust, Herbalifes business will suffer losses Competitors of similar companies Products may be banned in some countries due to the different requirements Opportunities Threats Herbalife allowing business opportunities will help many people earn an income More income and expanding business with health conscious society Being a health company, Herbalife can face threats like complains of products By bringing Herbalife to many other countries, the strength of this method could not only expand the business but also change many lives across the globe. With more people joining as distributors, the business will grow faster and more people will know about Herbalife. Lastly, promoting road shows is a strength because with every road show, Herbalife can gain more customers and spread the message across of healthy living to many people. Herbalife has opened their doors to many people for a business opportunity to earn an income for themselves. This job is done leisurely and thus people would not find it a chore to complete a certain task given to them. In todays society, many people demands for a good healthcare system. This gives a huge opportunity for Herbalife to sell its nutritious products faster since the demands keeps increasing. Similarly to many companies, once there is a loss of customers, the company will face a lesser profit at the end of the year. If this persists, the company would face a downfall or even bankruptcy. Since the demand for good healthcare is increasing, more and more companies will open for the same purpose which is to promote and sell their health products too. With such a competitive market, any company whos laid back and not up to date will definitely be on the losing end. Due to the different requirements in the different countries, some health products may be banned as the government agrees that it is not suitable to be sold. If the products do not meet the requirements that are proposed by the country, again Herbalife would lose another opportunity to sell their products. Being a health company, Herbalife can face threats like complaints of products. People who would have complained might have suffered some conditions or find the products inefficient and not working on them. This again will lead to a loss in business. Marketing Mix of Herbalife Product The main purpose of Herbalifes product is to help their customers lead a healthy lifestyle with the appropriate and sufficient nutrients needed for themselves. Not only just selling their nutritious products, Herbalife has also skin and hair care products too. Price Herbalife has a special pricelist for their distributors. As mentioned in the earlier part, when a distributor performs well and reaches the certain target, he or she is entitled to more discounts based on the category they are standing on. For example, Herbalifes main product would be the Formula 1 nutritional milkshake. A customer will purchase this at $77.22. However, if a distributor purchases the same product, he or she is entitled to a 25% discount and the cost of it would be $59.35. The percentage of discount will increase when the distributor is promoted to a higher level. Place Herbalifes Worldwide Corporate Headquarters is located in Los Angeles, USA. In Singapore, Herbalife International Singapore PTE. Ltd was located at Orchard Road. They moved earlier this year (2010) to TripleOne Somerset Road. Promotion Herbalife has always been keen to go public. Distributors are giving free body evaluations almost every day and free health talks once a month. As a normal customer, they can also stand a chance in having a higher percentage discounts when they buy in bulk. Herbalife has come up with a wholesale price scheme which allows their customers to have more discounts when they buy in large amounts. Comparing Herbalife and a Competitor, Cambridge Diet Cambridge Diet The Cambridge Diet is a diet plan developed by Dr. Alan Howard, a research scientist of Cambridge University in 1970. Dr. Alan together with Dr. McLean-Baird researched and created a weight plan that helps people lose weight by consuming their formulated products which contains all the nutrients required. The Cambridge Diet was a success as results proved that it was effective in helping many people to lose weight quickly. Herbalife The Cambridge Diet Serves the purpose of helping people lose and gain weight healthily Main purpose of helping people lose weight effectively only As of today, Herbalife has already been established in 73 countries, worldwide in just 30 years As of today, The Cambridge Diet Plan is sold in 31 countries worldwide in 40 years only. Does not only sells health products but other products like skin and hair care products, cosmetics Only sells health products like meal supplements such as porridges, healthy bars and shakes with a plan to follow for effective results Herbalife products cater for all age groups, from toddlers and kids to adults and elderly. The Cambridge Diet is suitable for people over the age of 16 Involves in many events and helps the world in various ways such as providing funds and help for disaster reliefs; for example establishing of the Herbalife Family Foundation Does not have a charitable organization, is focused mainly on helping people lose weight and live a healthy lifestyle. Why do I compare Herbalife with the Cambridge Diet? Both companies, Herbalife and The Cambridge Diet are similar healthcare companies that provide helps and ways to help people improve their weight problems with nutritional products. However, referring to the table above, both companies are quite different in various ways. The goal for the company may be quite similar however, Herbalife helps both people who are underweight to gain weight and overweight to lose weight. Unlike The Cambridge Diet which only helps people lose weight. Herbalife is more successful in selling their products and expanding their business over the world. This can be seen in the number of countries where their availability is found. Herbalife does not only focus on a certain age group and thus, it is well-rounded in providing for everyone needs. Lastly, Herbalife thinks for the society and is responsible and helpful in doing their part for Mother Earth. Opening a charitable organisation would already benefit and save many lives. To sum it up, Herbalife can be seen to be more successful and has achieved many goals over the years. It is more established and has thoughtful in providing the needs for people of all ages. The Final Climb to Success After the tragic death of Herbalifes founder, Mark Hughes, the company faced many struggles that caused damages to the companys reputation. Lawsuits after lawsuits were filed on Herbalife that caused the companys sales to decrease from $1,085.5 million in 2000, to $1,020.1 million in 2001. The decision was then made to sell the company. Herbalife was invested by private firms Whitney Co. and Golden Gate Capital in 2002. Michael O. Johnson, who was also the President of The Walt Disney Company for 17 years, became the CEO of Herbalife. Under the direction of Michael O. Johnson, Herbalifes sales began climbing steadily from $1,309.7 million in 2004, to $2,324.6 million in 2009. In 2007, Michael O. Johnson became the Chairman of Herbalife. With such a talented leader for Herbalife and the never dying spirit of Herbalife, the sales have grown to $2.7 billion today. Only with the help of Michael O. Johnson, Herbalife was able to get in the road of success once again. Conclusion Over 30 years, Herbalife has proved that failure is never a dead end and only with the countless number of tries, Herbalife is proud to be where it is now. Today, Herbalife has continuously been improving, researching and expanding their business worldwide. With the strong beliefs, values and missions, I believe Herbalife will prosper even further.

The Chocolate Tree :: Botany

The Chocolate Tree Fossil records are unable to provide information of on the center of origins of the cacao tree. The cacao tree is in the Sterculiaceae family. The first growers of the cacao pods were probably the people who entered the lowland rain forests of the Amazon Basin between 10,000 and 200 B.P. The full name of the cacao tree is Theobroma cacao. Most of the information of the cacao have been derived from the cultivated crop. The life and reproduction life cycle of Theobroma cacao is identical to a tropical rain forest tree species. Cacao grows optimally in minimal moisture and shade. Cacao is dispersed in small, medium and large areas. This is probably the result of animal dropping the seeds after eating the tasty inside of the pods. Cacao pods are very diverse in morphology. These morphological difference suggests genetic differentiation. The Amazon region is considered the birthplace of the wild cacao tree. T. cacao appeared with the arrival of human species in South American. It have been suggested that T. cacao is the result of a cross between T. pentagona and T. leiocarpa. Cacao was not been selected for its seeds, but instead for the pulp surrounding them. Selection for the seeds begin in Mesoamerica. The seed pulp was used as a beverage. Cacao cultivation by the Indians, notably the Aztecs of Mexico and Mayas in Central America was established before the New World was discovered. The next question would have to be how did the cacao tree cross the sea. Christopher Columbus brought a cacao beans back to Europe from the Gulf of Honduras. This cargo of cacao beans were the first specimens to enter Europe. The Aztecs settled in Mexico two hundred years before Cortes conquest of Mexico. When the Spaniards invaded the palaces of Montezuma they found a large number of cacao beans. The cacao beans were used in a drink called chocolatl. The was typically the drink for the most elite in the society. This is the treatment that was done on the cacao prior to storage. Sun dried beans that had been roast in pots. The husk were removed, the nibs were placed on flat or concave stone, then ground and shaped with a roller. The fluid mass is then mixed with corn and spices and made into cakes. The chocolatl drink is made from a piece of the cake mixed with water and mixed with a molinet.

Entrepreneur Test

Which of the following is classified as an entrepreneur?A manager in a large corporation A financial manager in a small firm An owner-manager who bought out the founder of a firm A salaried technician in a rapidly-growing high-tech firmAttract more attention and make more headlines in the media. are not as important to the well-being of society. are highly visible. One glaring example of poor ethics practiced by small businesses in general is lack of pollution controls. untruthful labeling of products.  lack of loyalty to employees. fraudulent reporting of income and expenses for income tax purposes.Different types of small business ownership opportunities include all of the following except startups. bailouts. family businesses. franchises. The cost of a franchise may include royalty payments. high executive salaries. a one-time federal franchise tax. higher-than-usual labor costs. In a family business, the interests of the family and the interests of the business are best describ ed as overlapping. conflicting. coinciding. having no relationship with each other. Writing a business plan should be thought of as  the means to an end product. an ongoing process. an absolute essential to the startup of businesses. a mental exercise.A firm's marketing mix consists of _____ activities. pricing, promotion, and distribution product, pricing, and promotion product, promotion, and distribution product, pricing, promotion, and distribution A disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is the complexity of the organization the cost of starting the business. the lack of limits on personal liability. the difficulty of distribution. Which of the following is not an environmental condition affecting selection of a business location?CompetitionWeather and climate Laws and regulations Raw material availability Assets that are relatively liquid are classified as current assets. fixed assets. short-term assets. other assets. Typical venture capitalists invest approximately ____ of t heir investment in later-stage businesses. one-fourth one-half three-fourths nearly all Most customer service problems are identified by personal observation. outside consultants. customer complaints. entries in a suggestion box. In general, products that are consumed in fixed amounts have inelastic demand. constant demand. variable demand. elastic demand.Which of the following does not describe a method of determining promotional expenditures? Matching industry forecasts Spending as much as the competition What can be spared What it will take to do the job Marcia Mendez, who runs a drapery business, has groups of employees who work in production and in installation. If she decides to use work teams as part of her leadership approach, she must increase supervision. compensation. independence. quality. Which of the following is a legal basis for selecting employees? Gender Age Education Disabilities An inspection plan that judges products as acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, i s known as  a 100 percent inspection plan. an attribute inspection. a variable inspection. an inspection sampling plan.The owner of a small manufacturing plant wants inspectors to check the width and length of a product (within specified tolerances) during the production process. This calls for an attribute inspection. a work sampling inspection. a 100 percent inspection plan. a variable inspection. An analysis of which of the following records facilitates maintenance of adequate stock levels? Accounts payable records Accounts receivable records Cash records Inventory records

Humanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation Essay

The later Middle Ages is characterized as a time of great transition and advancement, especially pertaining to areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. A new trend towards the pursuit of new knowledge and ideas first emerged in fifteenth century Renaissance Italy. This new area of intellect marks the emergence of humanism, which essentially came to be the defining characteristic leading up to the Scientific Revolution in the eighteenth century. The Protestant Reformation can be seen as the second catalyst to the Scientific Revolution, which occurred around the turn of the fifteenth century. It was the combination of the expansion of humanism first witnessed during the Renaissance creating the desire for knowledge, greater meaning and ultimate truths, with the power gained on part of the individual during the Protestant Reformation allowing for the pursuit of these new questions and ideas which, at the time, opposed existing knowledge that was universally accepted to be true; this combination ultimately culminated in the methods, principles, knowledge and foundations realized during the Scientific Revolution. The Renaissance is a seen a distinct period of time emerging in the beginning of the fifteenth century, immediately following what is now termed the Middle Ages. First manifesting itself in Italy, it is considered â€Å"a period which witnessed transition from the medieval to the modern age, that is to say, the latter part of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century† (Bishop, 130).[i] Renaissance literally means â€Å"rebirth,† referring to the rebirth of antiquity, or Greco-Roman civilization. Prior to this, â€Å"the advanced knowledge of the natural world possessed by the ancient Greeks meant little to the Romans, and for a long time that knowledge went into decline,† – this is, until now (Henry, 557).[ii] Many aspects of life were greatly impacted, including areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. This new outlook sparked the initiation of a movement toward greater education. Education was seen as the key to living a prosperous and fulfilled life. In particular, the importance of liberal studies was widely agreed upon. Several key events during this time allowed for the spread of knowledge, creating the â€Å"beckoning toward wider horizons† (Buttimer, 11).[iii] For example, the invention of the printing press encouraged the printing of books, which culminated in scholarly research. Additionally, there was a greater availability to the lay people than ever before; previously, there was simply no access to such information. A historian describes this occurrence: â€Å"alien tongues and races have been drawn together, and have learned once again to understand each other’s speech, and to enter into each other’s thought† (Bishop, 131).[iv] Intellect and education began bringing people together who otherwise would not have ever circulated his or her new ideas and thoughts. Some individuals in particular are credited with the fact that â€Å"the reforms enacted were substantial. At an increasing number of Northern universities, Greek became a regular subject and specialists were hired to teach it. Old Textbooks †¦ were abandoned after having been used for centuries and were replaced with products of humanism† (Nauert, 429).[v] Among the individuals most recognized for their impact on this time in history exists Desiderius Erasmus. Inarguably, Erasmus can be seen as a perfect demonstration of a humanist. â€Å"Erasmus was before all else a scholar and a humanist. He was filled with a genuine enthusiasm for learning† (Bishop, 137).[vi] It was this motivated spirit that drove the culmination of the humanistic movement. Intellect and scholarly research was greatly dedicated to religion. Erasmus â€Å"insisted that the dialectic method of the academic theologians had produced a theological science that concentrated on trivial, abstruse questions of little or no real value to the needs of the church† (Nauert, 431).[vii] This argument became the basis for much of Erasmus’ highly esteemed, accredited work; he was â€Å"determined to defend [his] status as orthodox Catholic† (Nauert, 431).[viii] Soon, modern humanists greatest opposition was the church. Many criticized Erasmus, believing that he â€Å"lacked theological training and hence had neither a legal nor an intellectual right to speak and publish on questions involving theology and the Bible† (Nauert, 431).[ix] Until this point in my discussion thus far, not much opposition has been mentioned. It is very important and essential to note that this new topic of new knowledge created extreme amounts of tension, ultimately culminating in the Protestant Reformation. At the same as scholars such as Erasmus, Bacon and Galileo emerged, â€Å"scholastic theologians arrogantly sat back and issued condemnations,† which greatly hindered the advancement of intellect (Nauert, 431).[x] Clearly established thus far was the recently renewed desire for new knowledge; in response, many new education establishments received great support and ideas began to circulate. In order for the continuing and pursuit of the ever evolving goals of humanists, there needed to be some change that would allow for this. This is one contributing factor to Erasmus’ dedication to reforming the church. Conflicts among humanists and scholars â€Å"reflect[ed] a disharmony that is fundamental,† and furthermore came to define â€Å"the dispute over academic competency and ‘exacerbation of the debate during the Reformation’ as the two forces† behind the matter (Nauert, 432).[xi] By this point in time it was seen as a necessity that religion be transformed. Among several attempts throughout history, â€Å"the Protestant Reformation is the only attempt that was successfully institutionalized† (Bellah, 369).[xii] So much work thus far had been the foundational truth: â€Å"scholastic philosophers and theologians spent long years acquiring the skills of dialectical argumentation and familiarity with the opinions of the past authorities, both ancient and medieval† (Nauert, 433).[xiii] It would take great influence to override these criticisms, but Erasmus laid the foundation for Martin Luther. â€Å"Erasmus’ pains were those of a delicate body and a sensitive and intellectual mind, amid surrounds which were uncongenial and indeed fatal to any humane culture† (Bishop, 135).[xiv] Whereas this was so, â€Å"Luther’s misery arose from the pains and travail of his moral nature in his endeavor to find peace with God† (Bishop, 135).[xv] For, it was â€Å"out of these throes of conscience a great religious movement was to be born† (Bishop, 135).[xvi] It was the combination of the significant influence witnessed having been imparted by Erasmus and Martin Luther that finally instigated the long time coming Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was the main event occurring during the Renaissance that allowed for the institutionalizing of knowledge and new ways of obtaining and exploring it. The defining characteristic concerning the Protestant Reformation is â€Å"the collapse of the hierarchical structuring of both this and the other world† (Bellah, 368).[xvii] It was the leadership of modern intellectuals, or humanists, such as Erasmus and Luther that proved to be a catalyst to the movement: â€Å"Luther by a spiritual declaration of independence in which he boldly cast off, once and forever the ecclesiastical authority of Rome† (Bellah, 370).[xviii] It was the consistency marked by the motivation of the ever evolving humanists, with the newly found sense of confidence toward the ability to influence society that culminated in the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution. â€Å"During the late Middle Ages ,the application of natural philosophy logic to theology transformed it into an analytic discipline. The extraordinary nature of this transformation is manifested when we see the kinds of questions that were routinely discussed in the average theological treatise.†[xix] The humanists’ demands for answers and unceasing attitudes at the time finally paid off. Prior to the Protestant Revolution, the many attempts of humanists to voice their opinion and freely explore their new interests without having to fear the authorities. Historians have â€Å"emphasized human attitudes and values† in this fight for intellectual freedom† (Buttimer, 5).[xx] The Protestant Reformation as a continuation of the beginnings of the humanism movement paved the way for the Scientific Revolution. â€Å"Before science could have reached the stage it did in the seventeenth century, there had to be a widespread use of reason and reasoned analysis. The medieval universities supplied the intellectual context for all of Western Europe. They developed a new approach to nature† (Grant, 420).[xxi] The new religious organization allowed for intellectuals and humanists of the time to truly pursue their ideas that were in opposition to previously existing knowledge that had been universally accepted as being true. Overall this culmination of the split between Church and State, the power granted to the individual due to the Protestant Reformation, and the defining characteristics of humanism during the Renaissance were the leading factors in the birth of the Scientific Revolution. Intellectuals in the seventeenth century soon came to view the world and universe as never before. For example, it was now known that rather than existing in an earth-centered universe, they were in fact living in a sun-centered universe. Famous figures in history existing at this time continued the already established tradition, and were able to impart great influence. These figures include, but are not limited to, Galileo, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton. There emerged a shift from thinking the abstract, such subjects that previous philosophers had once been dedicated to, to pondering and experimenting the physical world around them. Prior to this time, Aristotle, Galen and Ptolemy were relied on for foundations concerning the fields of physics, medicine, and astronomy. Just as there were certain individuals and movements that laid the foundations previously, there are also those researchers who were responsible for the carrying on of life into the Scientific Revolution. â€Å"It remained for Galileo, however, to apply the mean speed theorem to the motion of real falling bodies and to devise and experiment to determine if bodies really fall with uniform acceleration. Thus began the new science of mechanics and the beginnings of modern physics† (Grant, 421).[xxii] Before Galileo was even able to begin his investigations concerning the previous, it was essential that the events and transformations during the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries occurred. More modern discoveries attributed to the seventeenth century and furthermore during the Enlightenment, would have been seriously delayed had this transformation not occurred. People were finally granted the power, and discovered a new found sense of confidence when it came to the pursuit of new kn owledge and ideas. If it had not been for this fight, individuals like Galileo would have had this job to do themselves. It is important to note that the culmination of the Scientific Revolution did â€Å"originate with the great scientific minds of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, from the likes of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton† (Grant, 421).[xxiii] Furthermore, this historian in particular states that â€Å"although it is possible to insist that the full-blown concept of intertia did not appear before Newton, there can be no denying that Galileo, Pierre Gassendi, and Descartes played a role in opposing the Aristotelian concept that everything that moves must be continuously moved by something else and in suggesting instead that once something was moving perhaps it might simply carry on moving until something else stopped it† (Henry, 554).[xxiv] Several important foundations for the study of nature, and in general life at its core, were products of the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and ultimately the Scientific Revolution. If it were not for the perseverance of humanists, and their sense of devotion, the advancements included in the Scientific Revolution may have not come for some time down the road. One of the most important outcomes that is still used as a basis today for scientific experimentation is the scientific method. â€Å"The scientific method is such that, whatever the weaknesses of human endeavor, scientific truths will steadily emerge and will come to be recognized and established as a matter of inevitability† (Henry, 555).[xxv] In a way, Henry’s definition of the scientific method can be seen as already applying to the transformation that created it. ———————– ENDNOTES: [i] Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [ii] Henry, J. H. (2008). Isis. Ideology, Inevitability, and the Scientific Revolution, 99(3), 552-559. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/591713 [iii] â€Å"Geography, Humanism, and Global Concern.† Anne Buttimer. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 80, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 1-33. [iv] Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The Sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [v] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 . [vi] Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The Sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [vii] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 . [viii] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 [ix] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 [x] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 [xi] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 [xii] Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 [xiii] Nauert, C. G. N. (1998). The sixteenth century journal.Humanism as Method: Roots of Conflict with the Scholastics , 29(2), 427-438. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544524 [xiv] â€Å"Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [xv] Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [xvi] Bishop, W. S. B. (1906). The sewanee review. Erasmus,14(2), 129-148. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27530759 [xvii] Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 [xviii] Bellah, R. N. B. (1964). American sociological review.Religious Evolution, 29(3), 358-374. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2091480 [xix] Grant, E. G. (2004). Scientific Imagination in the Middle Ages.